Twenty one years ago we wondered what technology would still be here in the future (now!)

Back in 2005 we published Issues 1 and 2 of the CS4FN (Computer Science For Fun) magazine and there were two short articles in the 2nd issue – “Future proof” about the change from physical copies of music and films (such as CDs and DVDs) to listening and watching on streaming services and “What do you think is most likely to disappear next?” where we wondered which other technologies might still be around in the future.


Future Proof
Bill Gates believes CDs and DVDs have had it. It won’t be long before the whole back catalogue of music fits on a device in your pocket:
“It’s going even faster than we expected…Five years from now people will say ‘What’s a CD? Why did you have to go to the case and open something up and you couldn’t sequence it your own playlist way?’ That will be a thing of the past. Even videos in the future will either be on a disk in your pocket or over the Internet, and far more convenient for you.”

Bill Gates, Chairman and Chief Software Architect, Microsoft, speaking in 2005.


It’s certainly true that most music and films can be streamed but they may not feel as permanently available as physical copies. On the release of his film Oppenheimer film director Christopher Nolan said1 “There is a danger these days that if things only exist in the streaming version, they do get taken down”. Netflix UK recently told me that Star Trek: The Next Generation would disappear from its listings on the January 8th 2026. I’m sure it will return in the future, but perhaps I need to buy the box set of DVDs to catch up with all the adventures.

Though it does also depend on having the right technology to play a physical copy of the thing – would you know how someone could play a DVD, CD, VHS (video tape) or cassette (audio tape)? Records on vinyl have certainly been making a comeback too…

Our second short article was even shorter and asked readers to vote (in 2005)…

What do you think is most likely to disappear next?
(Or which of the following items might survive into the future?)

  • Fixed phones (land lines)
  • Cables
  • Written signatures
  • Loose change
  • Wrist-watches
  • Paper
  • Physical shops
  • Calculators
  • Radios

Possibly 21 years since 2005 is not quite far enough into a future where all of these have disappeared but you can certainly see that the way these things are used has changed significantly.

Imagine it’s now 21 years in the future (or 42 years since 2005)… pick one item that you think is no longer in use. Click the blue button containing the item that you think won’t be around in 2047.

What other technology/ies are you using today that someone born now might not recognise in 21 years time?

– By Jo Brodie, Paul Curzon and Peter McOwan, Queen Mary University of London

Further reading

  1. Oppenheimer and the resurgence of Blu-ray and DVDs: How to stop your films and music from disappearing (3 January 2024) BBC Culture, by Clare Thorp [EXTERNAL] ↩︎


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CS4FN Advent 2023 – Day 19: jingle bells or warning bells? Avoiding computer scams

It’s Day 19 of the CS4FN Christmas Computing Advent Calendar. Every day throughout Advent we’ll be doing our best to publish a computing-themed post that relates to the picture on the advent calendar’s door. If you’d like to judge how well we’ve done please scroll to the end of this post where we have a full list of our attempts on Days 1 to 18 in the panel with the Christmas tree.

Jingle bells, warning you of festive scams. Image drawn and digitised by Jo Brodie.

Gone Phishing

Fake emails or text messages asking for bank details including passwords is known in the trade as ‘Phishing‘ – it’s an example of social engineering, in which someone tries to manipulate someone else into giving away information. Like fishing the criminals scatter lots of bait and once in a while someone bites on the hook and replies. Criminals have even created fake Internet banking sites, direct copies of the real sites, in an attempt to scam customers’ details. This type of crime would never have been possible before computers. Few criminals would have the ability or funds to build a fake copy of your bank in the high street, but they can write programs to simulate them online.

1. A gift for scammers

Scammers love Christmas. It’s the perfect time of year to try and extract money or information (or both) from frazzled, busy and distracted Christmas shoppers.

“We’re sorry we missed you”

This popular phishing scam will come via text, saying that there’s a problem with delivering your item and you need to pay some small amount of money to rearrange delivery.

In the run up to Christmas so many people are expecting deliveries so this scam is successful because even if only a small percent of people fall for it that’s still a lot of people. The text message will contain a link that looks like it’s for the genuine web address of a delivery company where you might already have an account. But… the link’s taken you to the scammer’s replica website in the hope that you hand over your login information and possibly your bank card details to pay. The scam is quite subtle as once you fill in your details and press send you are then redirected to the genuine company’s website, so it’s easy to miss what’s happened at first.

How to stay safe: were you expecting this text message? If not, be alert. Look at the link carefully – does it seem correct? If it seems fake you can forward the message from any mobile phone to 7226 (which spells SPAM on your keypad). Learn about scams (See further reading) and tell people about them so they know what to watch out for.

See how well you do on Google’s Phishing Quiz (you can make up a fake email address to use) – some are genuine, some are trying to steal information. Can you spot which is which?

Screenshot from Google’s Phishing Quiz (c) Google.

Further reading

Phishing: Spot and report scam emails, texts, websites and calls, from the National Cyber Security Centre

2. Logging on, to your computer

Some phishing attempts are a bit more involved. You might get a phone call from someone claiming that ‘bad people’ have ‘got into your internet’ and you need to take immediate action to prevent being cut off. Sometimes the scammers pretend to be from a well-known computer company (such as Microsoft) or from the company that provides you with your broadband internet.

Fraud image by mohamed Hassan from Pixabay

Sometimes they’ll try and engage you in conversation – this is ‘social engineering’. This is a to try and gain your trust while keeping you anxious that something has gone wrong and which they are going to help you with. They may even use some tricks to convince you they’re legitimate. If you use a Windows computer they might ask you to open up the Event Viewer and count the errors, suggesting that there’s a problem (in reality it’s all pretty normal and harmless).

The next thing they might want you to do is to download some ‘desktop sharing’ software onto your computer. The software is real enough (and can be used genuinely to help people) but in this case they want to be able to access your computer and cause havoc. What they probably want to do is see if you have online banking (so they can steal your money) or they might delete some important files and say they’ll give them back only if you pay them. Don’t let them in!

How to stay safe: you can just hang up! Definitely don’t download any software, don’t visit any links they suggest you go to and don’t give them any information.

Further reading

Remote access scams: the call that could wipe out your life savings (Nov 2020) Which?
Who scams the scammers? Meet the scambaiters (October 2021) The Observer

3. And you are…?

This ‘friend in need’ scam will likely come via WhatsApp. Someone pretending to be a family member or friend gets in touch claiming they’re contacting you from a new phone after their old one was lost or stolen. They then claim they need money for some urgent reason and ask you to send them some via online banking.

This scam relies on people’s kindness and goodwill, and not wanting to be seen to be stingy or unhelpful, but sadly it causes thousands of pounds to be stolen and it’s often very difficult to recover that money.

How to stay safe: be suspicious. Try and contact your friend / family member in another way to check it’s really them. Or do a bit of social engineering yourself – make up something and ask them about it. Rather than admit they don’t know about it they’ll probably answer ‘yes’ and give themselves away!

Further reading

We lost festive savings in family WhatsApp scam (11 November 2021) BBC News
Friend in need’ message scam costs victims almost £50,000 in three months (24 November 2021) Action Fraud


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EPSRC supports this blog through research grant EP/W033615/1.